If the wales of the knitted fabric are not perpendicular to the course and skew to the right or left spirality occurs in the fabric. As a result one of the side seams comes at front of the garment when wearer wears it. The following are some predominant causes of spirality in knitted fabrics. They determined that measure the weft and warp yarn. Let dd position of a wale when total spirality occurs. If your question isnt covered, email our support for a prompt reply. Figure 3 knit fabric skew or torque caused by wale loop distortion.
Some relaxation of yarn and knitting stresses occurs when the fabric is first unrolled after knitting. To export your art, click the gear icon in the bottom left. Whilst knitwear and knitted fabric are now less expensive to produce, with the designer having more options to choose from, global manufacturing processes are still complex. As per encyclopedia, spirality came from the spirals which are spiral.
Effects of yarn and fabric construction on spirality of. Knitting stitch and yarn count are two important variables that strongly influence the spirality. Knitted fabric structure plays an important role on dimensional properties. At the same time by using twoply yarns, the spirality is. Knit fabric skew or spirality caused by wale loop distortion when knitted fabrics are allowed to relax off the knitting machine, they will spiral. Fiber parameters significantly influencing rigidity are density, diameter, and crosssectional shape. Fabrics made on circular knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment.
Pdf spirality is particularly serious problem for single jersey knitted fabrics due to their asymmetrical loop formation. This is a very common problem in single jersey knits and it may exist in grey, washed or finished state and has an obvious influence on both the aesthetic and. To make the fabric dimensionally stable fabric width, shrinkage, spirality and areal density should be under tolerance limit. Spirality or twisting in a garment is appeared after washing. The fabric is made of two sets of yarns, in which one set of yarn makes the pile, while the other set of yarn makes the base fabric. For this aim, 100% egyptian cotton yarns of ne 60s1, were spun according to conventional ring combed and compact methods from the sliver produced by using the same cotton grade giza 86. Then, choose export image, export gif, or export video. Spirality gives you full control over your creation change mirrors, symmetries, colors, transparency, and more.
The work demonstrated that changes occurring after laundering were largely due to alterations in the loop shape, rather than yarn or loop length shrinkage. Spirality can also be termed as fabric skew or fabric torque. Spirality occurs in knitted fabric because of asymmetric loops which turns in the wales and course of a fabric into an angular relationship other than 90 degree. Spirality is a problem in knitted fabrics, especially in the apparel industry. Pdf determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image analyses. Study on the important factors influencing spirality of weft. Create beautiful drawings reminiscent of old spirograph toys. Effects of different count and stitch length on spirality. In a relaxed state of single jersey tubular fabrics.
Read article about read article on evaluation of spirality in knitted fabrics, calculation of spirality in knitted fabrics, determination of angle of wale spirality and measurement of spirality angle. Causes of spirality in knitted fabrics remedial measures. Causes and remedies of spirality for knitted fabrics. Pdf spirality in knitted fabric rama moorthi govindan. Determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image analyses. Even though aspects of spirality have been studied in the literature, no papers have appeared which explicitly determine the angle of spirality in knitted fabrics. The aim of this work was to compare the spirality angle of the compact spun yarn knitted fabric and conventional ring spun yarn knitted fabrics. You can even go back in time to tweak a stroke that isnt quite right.
Spirality is a distortion of knitted fabric whereby the wales and courses align at a angle other. They determined that measure the weft and warp yarn place spirality depends on machine cut, feed ment on woven fabrics by using image density, machine rotation direction. Seffect of yam conditioning on knitted fabric spirality angle chosen to make more distinguish the effect of the yarn twist liveliness on the spirality of the knitted fabrics. The spirality angle of the fabrics knitted with ring yarns are very high comparing. Circular knitting, machine gauge, gsm, shrinkage, spirality. For easier assessment of the spirality angle of the produced fabrics, a latch needle was removed from the cylinder. Pdf determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image. Knitted terry is pile jersey fabric made with a special attachment in regular circular knitting machines similar to woven fabrics. The results obtained from different procedures may not be comparable.
Cross linking the fabric by means of inter fibre bonding also reduces spirality. Reasons plain knitted fabric made from single cotton yam are most prone. Twist is the measures of the spiral turns given to a yarn in order to hold the. Pdf spirality in knitted fabric rama moorthi govindan and. The fabrics had taken up their fully relaxed dimensions after five wash and dry. Keywords circular knitting, machine gauge, gsm, shrinkage, spirality, physical and mechanical properties 1. The most important problem of the single jersey structure is fabric spirality, which affects all the fabric. Spirality is a very common inherent problem in single jersey knit fabric and it has an obvious influence on both the aesthetic and functional performance of knitwear. Results of an experimental investigation are statistically analyzed considering the effects of yarn fabric construction factors on the spirality behavior of laboratory produced singlejersey fabrics. There are different types of causes for occurring fabric spirlity. Fabric width, shrinkage, spirality and areal density of weft knitted fabric presence of tuck loop in knitted fabric structure changes fabric dimensional characteristics. Spirality is a very common problem in single jersey. When knitted fabrics are allowed to relax off the knitting machine, they will skew.
Textiles determination of spirality after laundering part. Results of an experimental investigation are statistically analyzed considering the effects of yarnfabric construction factors on the spirality behavior of laboratory produced singlejersey fabrics. This part of iso 16322 specifies procedures to measure the spirality or torque of woven and knitted garments after laundering. From this study, it is clear that spirality depends on feed density, machine cut, and loop shape, but the magnitude of spirality can be offset by the selection of yarn twist direction. This creates serious problem, especially in the apparel industry. Spirality of knitted fabric is obtained when the wale is not perpendicular to the course, forming an angle of spirality with vertical direction of the fabric. Youll be prompted to provide a location for the file. Spirality is a dimensional distortion in circular plain knitted fabrics and has an obvious influence on both the aesthetic and functional performance of knitted fabrics and the garments produced from them which appear as the. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. The angle between wale and a line drawn perpendicular to the course is the measure of spirality. The spirality of singlejersey knitted fabrics may be temporarily corrected by low levels of fabric strain, achieved by using a former during steam processing or presslll.
The aim of our study is to analyze the effect of tuck loop on fabric width, shrinkage and spirality at grey and finished state. Spirality and shrinkage problems can be addressed to a certain extent in the finishing units of a industry to get fabrics quality approved. Yarns of different counts knitted to the same loop length display different physical properties such as drape, openness, permeability, handle and spirality etc. Note that some fabric constructions, such as denim, can have spirality intentionally introduced during manufacturing. Spirality correction system patent pending is a machine made for controlling the remaining twist of the tubular knitted fabric. A study on spirality of single jersey knitted fabric. Normally spirality occurred in knitted garments and fabric that made by using twill fabrics.
An investigation about spirality angle of cotton single. This app is pure creative fun, and a wonderful way to release stress. Study on the important factors influencing spirality of. The description of this defect is named as spirality as it occurs more commonly in circular fabrics 3. The processes used in knitted fabric production are well documented by authors such as brackenbury 1992, spencer 2001, and power 2008. The lengthwise rows of stitches, called wales or needle lines, should occupy a truly vertical line in the fabric and should always be at right angles to the cross wise courses of stitches. Spirality correction system scs of knitted fabrics. You wont need another coloring book after playing with spirality. Spirality in knitted fabric hilaris publishing srl. Spirality of cotton plain knitted fabrics with respect to. Spirality in knitted fabric omics publishing group. This in house test method describes the method of test in order to determine the spirality test method which occurs in.
Introduction knitting is a technique for producing a twodimensional fabric made from a onedimensional yarn or thread 1. Mihriban kalkanci investigation into fabric spirality in. In slack knitted fabric structures, the loop can easily find area to rotate so spirality is increasing. Spirality is a dimensional distortion in circular plain knitted fabrics.
Pdf spirality is a problem in knitted fabrics, especially in the apparel industry. In this study the experimental results show that when yarn count is fixed, the increment of. Spirality is a dimensional distortion in circular knitted fabrics and has an obvious influence on the aesthetic and functional performance. Spirality definition and meaning collins english dictionary. If the goods are subsequently wet processed, relaxation certainly occurs.
Spirality in knitted fabric definition spirality arises from twist stress in the constituents yams of plain fabric, causing all loops to distort and throwing the fabric wales and courses into an angular relationship other than 90 degree. Fabric spirality tester is a equipment for dimensional distortion in circular plain knitted fabrics. Determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image analyses article pdf available in fibres and textiles in eastern europe 3 july 2005 with 661 reads how we measure reads. Spirality is a distortion of knitted fabric whereby the wales and courses align at. Spirality is particularly serious problem for single jersey knitted fabrics due to their asymmetrical loop formation, and it may exist in grey, washed or finished state. Figure 4 shows the various causes of fabric spirality and they are divided into four main categories.
Dimensional stability of knitted fabric is a key factor for garments manufacturing. Some of the practical problems arising out of the loop spirality in knitted garments are. Evaluation of spirality in knitted fabrics calculation of. This part of iso 16322 is not intended to measure the spirality of garments as manufactured, but rather the spirality after laundering.
The remaining spirality after processing is less than 4%. Knitting, spirality, weft knitted fabric, yam twist liveliness. Make amazing art with a stroke of the pen or a mouse, exclusively for windows 10. This in house test method describes the method of test in order to determine the spirality test method which occurs in a material resulting from laundering procedures. Modeling the spirality of cotton knit fabric using fuzzy. Circular knitted fabric an overview sciencedirect topics. Single jersey cotton weft knitted fabrics tend to undergo a certain dimensional changes due to different yarn parameters and knitting parameters. Spirality is the angle of the knitted wales and courses from 90 degree as measured by the tumble dry testing method. A study on the impact of spirality on various knitted fabrics. Knit tubular fabrics have a degree of spirality during normal manufacturing and processing, including knitting, batching, dyeing, padding, drying and finishing. Feb 24, 2015 project report in general the angle of spirality values are decreasing, when the tightness factor values are getting tight in the all knitted fabric samples. Examples of this defect are shown in plate i, where a is a normal straight fabric.
In other words, spirality occurs in knitted fabric because of asymmetric loops which turns in the wales and course of a fabric into an angular relationship other than 90 degree. So back and forth calculation is necessary before producing the grey fabric to have a clear understanding on spirality and. Spirality is like a spirograph, a coloring book, and a kaleidoscope combined. Spirality percentage depends on fabric torque and garment structure. Effect of wales wise increment of tuck loop on fabric.
Number of feedersthough higher feeder numbers increases production, spirality also increased. This paper focuses on the fabric width, spirality, areal density and shrinkage property of various derivatives. This is a very common problem in single jersey knits and it may exist in grey. Test methods for measuring fabric spirality in knitted fabrics are outlined. Please check the frequentlyasked question list below. It is fully automatic and makes the correction easy, regardless of all parameters that influence the spirality of tubular knitted fabric. Course spirality is a very common inherent problem in plain knitted fabrics. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. Investigation into fabric spirality in various knitted fabrics and its effect on efficiency in apparel manufacturing doi. Pdf determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by. Yarn twist multiplier is the principle cause of spirality and it is directly proportional. Draw, color and write to create oneofakind decorations.
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